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This is the 8th grade exit project. In this project you will be learning about the Salt Lake City Tornado, the President vomiting on the Japanese Prime Minister and much more. In 1990 South Africa freed Nelson Mandela after 27 years. Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 in Transkei, South Africa. He received more than 695 awards. The first time he was sent to jail in 1962 for 5 years for leaving South Africa illegally. In jail he was convicted for sabotage and sentenced to a life in prison. He moved to Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town in 1984. He was transferred to the Victor Verster Prison near Paar in 1988. For 20 years, he directed a campaign of peaceful, non-violent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies. In 1939, Nelson Mandela enrolled at the University College of Fort Hare, which was the only residential center of higher learning for blacks in South Africa. His first year at University College of Fort Hare, he took the required courses, but focused on Roman Dutch law to prepare for a career in civil service as an interpreter or clerk. His second year, he was elected to the student Representative. In 1994, he was inaugurated as the country’s first black president. During the election, a majority of students voted to boycott unless their demands were met. He aligned with majority of the students and resigned his position. He won the Nobel Prize in 1993. Nelson Mandela was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2001. 2004, at the age of 85 he retired from public life so he could spend time with family and friends. Born Rolihlahla Dalibhunga, he was given an English name Nelson, by a teacher at his school. His father was a counselor to the Thembu royal family. Nelson Mandela’s father died when Nelson was nine. Nelson Mandela has become South Africa’s highest-profile ambassador, campaigning against HIV/AIDS; and also helping to secure his country’s right to host the 2010 football world cup. In 1991, Bush wins congressional approval for his position with the most devastating air assault in history against military targets in Iraq and Kuwait (Jan. 16) There was a total of 147 U.S. battle deaths during the Gulf War. 145 non battle deaths and 467 wounded in action. The Persian Gulf War started with an extensive aerial bombing campaign. The assault lasted 38 days. It destroyed much of Iraq’s war-making capabilities. The ground attack began February 24. Coalition forces were virtually unopposed and they defeated Iraqi ground troops within 100 hours. Amendments to the resolution under debate included Iraqi war reparations, forcing Iraq to destroy its unconventional weapons, as a UN. security force to be placed on the boarder of Iraq and Kuwait. Limited confrontation took place between 1991 and 1994. In 1991, after 100 hours that’s when the Cease-Fire began. Coalition flew over 100,000 aircrafts, dropping 88,500 tons of bombs, and widely destroying military and civilian infrastructure. In 1991, a U.S led coalition of allied military forces expelled Iraqi forces that had occupied Kuwait since August 1990. Hostilities ended with a temporary cease-fire on February 27. The Persian Gulf War marks the first time in history that air power plated the most important role in deciding the outcome of a war. In 1992, while at a formal dinner in Japan, Bush became ill, vomiting on the Prime Minister of Japan, and then he fainted. The President’s host, Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa, cradled his head for some minutes until Bush was strong enough to get up on his own. Bush said he first became sick in a receiving line at Mr. Miyazawa’s residence before the dinner. Bush was 67 at the time. Earlier that evening he told his physician he was feeling unwell. The name of his personal physician is “Burton J. Lee”. The doctor advised him to stay in bed. The doctors used an electro diagram and did a full exam on him, but didn’t find anything wrong. Bush’s spokesman, Martin Fitzwater said in Wednesday night, after the attack, that Bush had the of gastroenteritis commonly known as intestinal flu, but to them he was fine. Earlier that day Bush was feeling fine and was already dressed for the meeting. Then he suddenly felt sick and said his condition was likely a “stomach virus”, a light touch of food poisoning or something else. But he called the situation “Not serious”. He recovered the next day, embarrassed but otherwise fine. Mr. Bush appeared for photographers, looking tired but cheerful, and apologized for the alarm his collapse had caused. In 1993, Bombay got hit by devastating bombs! At least 200 have died, and 800 were injured after 13 bombs exploded. The explosives went off within 75 minutes of each other across several districts of India’s financial capitol. The first bomb went off at 1325 local time (1:25) at the Bombay Stock Exchange. The blast occurred in the basement garage. It blew more than 30 cars and it shattered windows. Some brokers and investors were reported to have been trampled to death in the stampede. Up to 20 bodies had been removed from the headquarters of Air India, which was also bombed. Furniture and bodies had been flung into the road. Mr. Mayya, the chief of the Bombay Stock Exchange, said: There was blood everywhere and people were rushing to get out. England’s hockey team, in Bombay for an international tournament, escaped serious injury when one bomb went off at the Searock Sheraton Hotel, where they were staying. Number of dead in Bombay is expected to rise as police and firefighters found more charred (burned) bodies from the bombed areas of the city. Some were cut by flying glass. Most of the bombs were in vehicles but several were in unoccupied hotel rooms. No one stepped forward to admit carrying out the attacks but the blasts appeared to have been timed to paralyze business and trading and spread fear among Bombay residents. No arrests were made but explosive experts had been flown in from Delhi to analyze the devices used in the attacks. In 1994, the Channel Tunnel opened between England and France. The Channel Tunnel is a railway tunnel that lies underneath the water of the English Channel and connects the Island of Great Britain with mainland France. The Channel Tunnel started getting built in December 1, 1987. The Tunnel is 50.5-kilometre (31.4 miles). At its lowest point it is 75m (250ft) deep. The Channel Tunnel has the longest under sea portion of any tunnel in the world although the Sekain Tunnel in Japan is both longer overall, at 53.85 kilometers (33.5 miles) and deeper, at 240 meters (790ft). A block diagram to describe the organization structure was use on the project. The tunnel is the first land link between Britain and Europe since the last Ice Age about 8,000 years ago. The tunnel took eight years to build and millions of dollars to complete. The Eurostar crossing time is 20 minutes. Going form London to Paris takes 3 hours. Going from London to Brussels takes 3 hours and 15 minutes. And it is one of the most amazing engineering feats of the 20th century. In 1995, about 12 die in Cult Nerve attack in Japanese subway. Five two-man teams from the Aum Shinrikyo religious cult, riding on separate subway trains, converge at Kasumigaseki station and secretly release lethal sarin gas into the air. The terrorist took a sarin antidote and escaped while the commuters, blinded and gasping for air rushed to the exits. Approximately 12 people died and 5,000 were treated in hospitals. Most of the survivors recovered, but some victims suffered permanent damage to their eyes, lungs and digestive system. Two subway workers died at Kasumigaseki station in central Tokyo on March 30, 1995. New fears had surfaced about a resurgence of the doomsday cult which was responsible for the attack. Victims of the gas attack have submitted a petition to the government asking it to monitor the health and mental condition of those stricken in the incident and o keep a close eye on the Aum Shinri Kyo cult. This is a commune based cult, and once they’re in their own space they aren’t ruled by Japanese laws, but Asaharas laws. And they see no reason to obey Japanese laws. Japanese police raided Aum Shinri Kyo headquarters and arrested hundreds of members, including the cult’s blind leader, Shoko Asahara. And victims also pressed demands to get paid more. In 1996, Tupac Shakur died. He was born on June, 16, 1971, in New York, New York. He was killed at age 25. Tupac was killed in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas. In 1994, Tupac Shakur was shot five times in New York City, but he survived. In 1996, he was shot four times in Vegas and died six days later. The shots that killed him came from a white Cadillac but no one knows exactly who shot him. He was introduced to issues of race and politics early in life. He began performing at the age 12 with a Harlem acting troupe and then, at the Baltimore school of Arts, he picked up violin and ballet, fell in love with the painting of Van Gogh and ultimately discovered his calling: Rapping. Most of Tupac’s songs are about growing up, amid violence, and hardship in ghettos, racism, other social problems and conflicts with other rappers. Tupac was sentenced to four and a half years in prison in the sexual assault case. He released more albums dead than alive (four while breathing, six posthumously). Tupac has sold over 75 million albums worldwide, making him one of the best-selling artists in the world. In 1997, Princess Diana died! She was born on July 1, 1961. She was born in Park House, Sandringham, and Norfolk. She was the third daughter of Edward John Spencer and his wife Frances Ruth Burke Roche. Princess Diana of Wales died after a car crash in Paris. She was taken to a hospital in the early hours of a Sunday morning where surgeons tried for two hours to save her life, but she died. The accident happened after the princess left the Ritz Hotel in the French capital with her companion, Dodi Al Fayed. Dodi Al Fayed and the vehicle driver were also killed in the collision in a tunnel under the Place de l'Alma in the centre of the city. The princess’ Mercedes car was apparently being pursued at high speed by the photographer on motorbikes when it hit a pillar and smashed into a wall. Mr. Al Fayed and Chauffeur died at the scene but the Princess and her body guard were cut from the wreckage and rushed to the hospital. The body guard survived despite critical injuries. Then blame: at first, the entire blame seemed directed at the paparazzi, photographers who were following the princess car, and from whom the driver was trying to escape. Later tests showed the driver had been well over the legal alcohol limit, but immediate blame was on the photographers and their seemingly incessant quest to capture images of Diana that could be sold to the press. Before her death, Diana struggled with her weight, yet it was only after dropping 30 pounds after the birth of Prince William that she became so fashionable. Her bulimia and eating problems were something she struggled with; yet her thinness made her arguably more popular. Diana's funeral, on September 6, drew worldwide attention. About half the people in the world saw it on television. Millions turned out to line the path of the funeral procession. In 1998, tornadoes in central Florida destroyed and damaged 2,600 structures and killed 42. Powerful thunderstorms spawned at least one tornado that cut a deadly, destructive path with little warning across central Florida in the early, morning darkness Friday, kill at least 19 people, smashing dozens of homes and businesses and suddenly awakening thousands of terrified survivors with a roar. The storm smashed single-family homes, ripped away roofs, threw mobile homes off their foundations a picked up a semi-truck and slammed it down on top of another. Patrick Smith, 32, who lives in the Lake Mack area near Paisley, said he pulled the bodies of a man and his son, about 9 or 10, from a neighboring house after the storm hit. Bernadette Fields, 67, said two of her neighbors living in mobile homes got blown out of their homes and into Lake Mack and their bodies were found by their own dog. The storms moved across Sumter and Lake Counties around 3:15 a.m., then to Volusia County, where 69 homes and a county medical clinic were damaged. Many homes were turned into rubble along Lake Mack. At least five crashes took place within a quarter mile of each other near interstate 4’s New Smyrna Beach exit, closing the highway for about three hours. In one case, a tractor-trailer was lifted up and landed on another semi, pinning the driver in his cab. Some homes were thrown off their foundations. Few people listened to the radio or watched their televisions, and few communists in the region had warning sirens. Yacobellis jumped out of her car, maneuvered through a home's mangled remains and found 88-year-old Mary Gallow trapped in her bedroom under sheetrock. With the help of Gallow’s son, Yacobellis pulled the woman out of the rubble and used a towel to stop the bleeding from the deep gash behind her knee.Lake County spokesman Christopher Patton said there were 19 confirmed deaths, all in his county, about 50 miles northwest of Orlando. Searchers moved through the four-country region, using spray paint to mark what they found in husks of buildings while residents who had startled out of bed came back to look for friends or loved ones and salvage anything that wasn’t blown apart. Rescuers with dogs in tow descended on ravaged areas, lifting debris and digging away dirt, wood and metal to search for people. 19 deaths were all reported in Lake County, 13 in the Paisley area and six in Lady Lake. In 1999, there was a tornado in Salt Lake City. An F2 tornado touched down in the metropolitan area of Salt Lake City. The tornado lasted ten minutes and killed one person, injured more than 80, and caused more than $170 million dollars in damages. From south/1040 west the tornado tracked northeast producing widespread damage at the Delta Center. The tornado traveled a distance of about 3-3/4 miles, and had a width of about 100 to 200 yards. This storm, classified as a F2 on a scale of 0-5, was the worst tornado in Utah history. The collapse of a large tent facility killed one man: Allen Crandy. Power lines snapped, leaving the Church’s Family History Library and Museum of Church History and Art without power for more than 24 hours. The tornado raged past Temple Square and hit the construction site of the Church’s new assembly hall, crumpling scaffolding and toppling the top half of a construction crane. The wind threw some cars into tree tops. Ruptured gas lines caused downtown fires, but they were all extinguished by that late afternoon. The American Re Cross and Salvation Army established two shelters and food stations in the city. Church members worked together to repair the tents that were demolished. And Church members also offered service in the neighborhoods. 121 homes were damaged, 34 of which we uninhabitable. At the end they still had a huge amount of search and rescue to do.